10/2/2023 0 Comments Picture of sugar maple leafIt is expected that the plant-associated microbial community structure will also be affected by changes in the biotic and abiotic environment ( O’Brien & Lindow, 1988) because of host phenotype plasticity, as demonstrated for the leaf fungal communities of the European beech ( Fagus sylvatica Cordier et al., 2012). However, there are relatively few studies that have investigated the microbial communities from both above and belowground compartments of a single plant species (but see Lambais, Lucheta & Crowley, 2014 Bai et al., 2015 Wagner et al., 2016), and we know little about how selective pressures and neutral evolutionary processes influence plant-microbe interactions along an environmental gradient.Ĭhanges in global climate are affecting plant ranges, allowing some species to increase their ranges while others are facing range contraction or extinction ( Morin, Viner & Chuine, 2008). Studies have found that microbial communities are influenced by host species ( Redford et al., 2010 Kembel et al., 2014 Laforest-Lapointe, Messier & Kembel, 2016), anthropological modifications of the environment ( Sieber, 1989) and host genotype ( Bulgarelli et al., 2012) among other factors, and distinct communities occur in different plant compartments ( Edwards et al., 2015). In recent years, advances in environmental DNA sequencing technologies have allowed us to investigate and quantify the structure of bacterial and fungal communities and examine the driving factors behind their ecology and variation. ![]() The dynamics, interactions and biodiversity of these microbial communities as well as the role and functions of most of the microbial species present are poorly understood. These plant-associated microbial communities harbour great biodiversity both on the leaves ( Lambais et al., 2006) and roots ( Lundberg et al., 2012). The leaf and root compartments can be colonized inside (endophytes) and outside (epiphytes) the plant’s structure ( Vorholt, 2012). The microbial communities that inhabit these plant structures have many beneficial effects on the host’s functions including protecting against pathogens ( Innerebner, Knief & Vorholt, 2011), synthesizing growth hormones ( Gourion, Rossignol & Vorholt, 2006) and providing nutrients ( Davison, 1988). ![]() Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi inhabit all parts of terrestrial plants including the leaf and root compartments ( Andrews & Harris, 2000).
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